QUT has taken part in the first production and export of “green hydrogen” derived from water from Australia to Japan in a major step towards the development of a new sustainable fuel export market.
Key points
The landmark shipment is a proof of concept test using a proprietary technology owned by JXTG, Japan’s largest petroleum conglomerate, and QUT’s solar power facilities at Redlands, south of Brisbane. QUT’s Institute for Future Environments hosted Professor Masakazu Sugiyama, from the University of Tokyo, to see the first test of the technology.
The JXTG researchers used QUT’s cutting-edge solar cell facility, a Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) array as well as a standard Si-PV array currently operating at Redlands. These PV arrays are part of a pilot plant that is being built to extract hydrogen from treated non-drinking water, such as seawater.
This JXTG project is separate to but aligned with a $7.5 million research project announced last year by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) to build the hydrogen production pilot plant at the Redlands Research Facility south of Brisbane.
This landmark first export of hydrogen fuel from Australia to Japan came about through a collaboration between QUT and the University of Tokyo.
Japan recently announced massive national renewable energy targets, and has a strong focus on green hydrogen as a fuel. Australia’s chief scientist Alan Finkel recently presented state and federal energy ministers with a proposal for a national hydrogen strategy, saying Australia could build an export industry worth $1.7bn with employment for 2800 people by 2030.
Professor Ian Mackinnon, from QUT’s Institute for Future Environments, said Queensland had an unparalleled opportunity to establish a viable and sustainable export economy for hydrogen as renewable energy.
“Natural resources, such as high solar irradiation, large tracts of land, accessible seawaters and brines, an extensive coastline, and diverse biomass, are abundant and key requirements for a globally competitive industry in green hydrogen,” Professor Mackinnon said.
“More importantly, Queensland has quality infrastructure such as export-oriented ports, pipelines and transport facilities to enable reliable delivery of hydrogen – in a range of formats – to overseas customers.”
The global market for hydrogen is forecast to grow to a trillion dollar economy by 2050. One of the major drivers for the market is expected to be hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles in densely populated areas such as Korea, Japan, China along with Europe and the United States.
Professor Mackinnon said hydrogen was a very efficient fuel, producing up to three times more energy than diesel.
Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells in vehicles or to power gas turbine generators to produce electricity, and is one of a few potential near-zero emission energy carriers. When it is used in a fuel cell, for example in vehicles, the exhaust produced is water.
Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy from a range of natural materials such as water or biomass.
In this first proof of concept project, the green hydrogen was created by adding water and acid to a chemical called toluene in an electrochemical process using solar energy.
The toluene was converted into a substance called methyl cyclohexane (MCH) using JXTG’s process powered by QUT’s solar arrays. MCH looks like and feels like oil, which means it can be shipped using conventional road tankers, pipelines and super tankers.
Once shipped to Japan, the MCH was converted back to toluene and the hydrogen extracted for use in a suitable fuel cell or vehicle. The toluene is then available for re-use in the transportation cycle.
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